Finance and Risk
Level 1: Foundations of Finance
Markets, instruments and the maths of money, for people starting out in risk.
Module 1.1
How financial markets work
See how markets connect savers and borrowers, where trading happens, who trades, and how prices, liquidity and crises arise.
- L1.1.01Why financial markets exist10 minpreview
- L1.1.02Money, credit and interest10 minpreview
- L1.1.03Primary and secondary markets8 minpreview
- L1.1.04Exchanges vs over-the-counter markets10 minpreview
- L1.1.05Who trades: market participants10 minpreview
- L1.1.06How prices are formed12 minpreview
- L1.1.07Market liquidity10 minpreview
- L1.1.08Returns and risk: a first look12 minpreview
- L1.1.09Clearing, settlement and custody10 minpreview
- L1.1.10A short history of financial crises14 minpreview
- LabLab Test: applied problems for Module 1.125 min
Module 1.2
Financial institutions
Learn how banks, insurers, asset managers, pension funds and market utilities make money and where their risks sit, and who regulates them.
- L1.2.01Commercial banks: the business model12 minpreview
- L1.2.02Investment banks and broker-dealers10 minpreview
- L1.2.03Insurers: life and non-life12 minpreview
- L1.2.04Asset managers and funds10 minpreview
- L1.2.05Pension funds10 minpreview
- L1.2.06Hedge funds and private markets12 minpreview
- L1.2.07Central counterparties and market utilities10 minpreview
- L1.2.08Central banks12 minpreview
- L1.2.09Regulators and supervisors12 minpreview
- LabLab Test: applied problems for Module 1.225 min
Module 1.3
Time value of money and interest rates
Move money through time: compounding, discounting, annuities, rate conventions, inflation and the yield curve.
- L1.3.01The time value of money10 minpreview
- L1.3.02Simple and compound interest12 minpreview
- L1.3.03Present value and discounting12 minpreview
- L1.3.04Annuities and perpetuities14 minpreview
- L1.3.05Continuous compounding12 minpreview
- L1.3.06Day counts and rate conventions10 minpreview
- L1.3.07Real vs nominal rates10 minpreview
- L1.3.08The yield curve: spot and forward rates14 minpreview
- LabLab Test: applied problems for Module 1.325 min
Module 1.4
Bonds and fixed income
Describe the main types of bond, price one, read its yield, and measure how much its price moves when rates change.
- L1.4.01What is a bond?10 minpreview
- L1.4.02Types of bonds12 minpreview
- L1.4.03Pricing a bond12 minpreview
- L1.4.04Yield to maturity10 minpreview
- L1.4.05Clean price, dirty price and accrued interest8 minpreview
- L1.4.06The price-yield relationship10 minpreview
- L1.4.07Credit ratings and credit spreads12 minpreview
- L1.4.08Duration14 minpreview
- L1.4.09Convexity12 minpreview
- L1.4.10Bond markets in practice10 minpreview
- L1.4.11Securitisation basics12 minpreview
- LabLab Test: applied problems for Module 1.425 min
Module 1.5
Equities
Understand what a share is, how companies issue and value them, how indices work, and how equity returns and short selling behave.
- L1.5.01What a share is10 minpreview
- L1.5.02How companies issue and retire shares10 minpreview
- L1.5.03Valuing equities: the dividend discount model14 minpreview
- L1.5.04Valuation multiples12 minpreview
- L1.5.05Stock indices10 minpreview
- L1.5.06Equity returns and volatility12 minpreview
- L1.5.07Short selling and securities lending10 minpreview
- LabLab Test: applied problems for Module 1.525 min
Module 1.6
FX, commodities and money markets
Read FX quotes, price an FX forward, and see how money markets, repo, benchmark rates and commodities work.
- L1.6.01How the FX market works10 minpreview
- L1.6.02FX forwards and covered interest parity12 minpreview
- L1.6.03Money markets10 minpreview
- L1.6.04Repo and securities financing12 minpreview
- L1.6.05Benchmark rates: from LIBOR to SOFR, €STR and SONIA12 minpreview
- L1.6.06Commodity markets12 minpreview
- L1.6.07Currency risk for companies and investors10 minpreview
- LabLab Test: applied problems for Module 1.625 min
Module 1.7
Derivatives
Learn what forwards, futures, swaps, options and credit default swaps do, how they are priced at a first level, and what went wrong when they failed.
- L1.7.01What derivatives are and why they exist10 minpreview
- L1.7.02Forwards12 minpreview
- L1.7.03Futures and margining12 minpreview
- L1.7.04Interest rate swaps14 minpreview
- L1.7.05Currency and cross-currency swaps12 minpreview
- L1.7.06Options: calls and puts12 minpreview
- L1.7.07Option payoffs and strategies14 minpreview
- L1.7.08Put-call parity12 minpreview
- L1.7.09What drives an option’s price12 minpreview
- L1.7.10Credit default swaps12 minpreview
- L1.7.11Clearing, margin and collateral12 minpreview
- L1.7.12Derivatives disasters and their lessons14 minpreview
- LabLab Test: applied problems for Module 1.725 min
Module 1.8
Reading financial statements
Read the accounts of a company, a bank and an insurer, and calculate the ratios risk managers use.
- L1.8.01Accounting basics12 minpreview
- L1.8.02A bank’s balance sheet12 minpreview
- L1.8.03A bank’s income statement12 minpreview
- L1.8.04An insurer’s balance sheet12 minpreview
- L1.8.05An insurer’s income statement12 minpreview
- L1.8.06Capital, equity and leverage12 minpreview
- L1.8.07Key ratios for banks and insurers12 minpreview
- L1.8.08Reading an annual report12 minpreview
- LabLab Test: applied problems for Module 1.825 min
Fusion Exam · Level 1
Everything in the level, combined →
About 40 questions across all eight modules, with a score for each module and a link back to the lesson for every question you miss.
Math Atoms
Short, self-contained maths lessons. Each Core Path lesson links to the ones it needs, so you can brush up exactly when you need to.
M-A
Algebra and functions
M-B
Calculus
M-C
Probability
Live: published. Preview: interactive version on the site, under review. Drafted: text written, page not built yet. Planned: outlined only. Lessons are for education and are not investment advice.